Cloud computing is the practice of using remote servers on the internet for carrying our a task, rather than using our own computers/servers.
1) Explain what AWS is?
AWS stands for Amazon Web Service; it is a collection of remote computing services also known as a cloud computing platform. This new realm of cloud computing is also known as IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service.
Ans: AWS stands for Amazon Web Services, which is a cloud computing platform. It is designed in such a way that it provides cloud services in the form of small building blocks, and these blocks help create and deploy various types of applications in the cloud. These sequences of small blocks are integrated to deliver the services in a highly scalable manner.
2) Mention what the key components of AWS are?
The key components of AWS are
- Route 53: A DNS web service
- Simple E-mail Service: It allows sending e-mail using RESTFUL API call or via regular SMTP
- Identity and Access Management: It provides enhanced security and identity management for your AWS account
- Simple Storage Device or (S3): It is a storage device and the most widely used AWS service
- Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2): It provides on-demand computing resources for hosting applications. It is handy in case of unpredictable workloads
- Elastic Block Store (EBS): It offers persistent storage volumes that attach to EC2 to allow you to persist data past the lifespan of a single Amazon EC2 instance
- CloudWatch: To monitor AWS resources, It allows administrators to view and collect key Also, one can set a notification alarm in case of trouble.
3) Explain what S3 is?
S3 stands for Simple Storage Service. You can use S3 interface to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time and from anywhere on the web. For S3, the payment model is “pay as you go.”
4) What is AMI?
AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image. It’s a template that provides the information (an operating system, an application server, and applications) required to launch an instance, which is a copy of the AMI running as a virtual server in the cloud. You can launch instances from as many different AMIs as you need.
5) Mention what the relationship between an instance and AMI is?
From a single AMI, you can launch multiple types of instances. An instance type defines the hardware of the host computer used for your instance. Each instance type provides different computer and memory capabilities. Once you launch an instance, it looks like a traditional host, and we can interact with it as we would with any computer.
6) What does an AMI include?
An AMI includes the following things
- A template for the root volume for the instance
- Launch permissions decide which AWS accounts can avail the AMI to launch instances
- A block device mapping that determines the volumes to attach to the instance when it is launched
7) How can you send a request to Amazon S3?
Amazon S3 is a REST service, and you can send a request by using the REST API or the AWS SDK wrapper libraries that wrap the underlying Amazon S3 REST API.
8) Mention what the difference between Amazon S3 and EC2 is?
The difference between EC2 and Amazon S3 is that
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9) How many buckets can you create in AWS by default?
By default, you can create up to 100 buckets in each of your AWS accounts.
11) Explain what T2 instances is?
T2 instances are designed to provide moderate baseline performance and the capability to burst to higher performance as required by the workload.
12) In VPC with private and public subnets, database servers should ideally be launched into which subnet?
With private and public subnets in VPC, database servers should ideally launch into private subnets.
13) Mention what the security best practices for Amazon EC2 are?
For secure Amazon EC2 best practices, follow the following steps
- Use AWS identity and access management to control access to your AWS resources
- Restrict access by allowing only trusted hosts or networks to access ports on your instance
- Review the rules in your security groups regularly
- Only open up permissions that you require
- Disable password-based login, for example, launched from your AMI
14) Explain how the buffer is used in Amazon web services?
The buffer is used to make the system more robust to manage traffic or load by synchronizing different component. Usually, components receive and process the requests in an unbalanced way. With the help of buffer, the components will be balanced and will work at the same speed to provide faster services.
15) While connecting to your instance what are the possible connection issues one might face?
The possible connection errors one might encounter while connecting instances are
- Connection timed out
- User key not recognized by the server
- Host key not found, permission denied
- An unprotected private key file
- Server refused our key or No supported authentication method available
- Error using MindTerm on Safari Browser
- Error using Mac OS X RDP Client
16) What are key-pairs in AWS?
Key-pairs are secure login information for your virtual machines. To connect to the instances, you can use key-pairs which contain a public-key and private-key
17) What are the different types of instances?
Following are the types of instances:
- General purpose
- Computer Optimized
- Memory Optimized
- Storage Optimized
- Accelerated Computing
18) Is the property of broadcast or multicast supported by Amazon VPC?
No, currently Amazon VPI not provide support for broadcast or multicast.
19) How many Elastic IPs is allows you to create by AWS?
5 VPC Elastic IP addresses are allowed for each AWS account.
20) Explain default storage class in S3
The default storage class is a Standard frequently accessed.
21) What are the roles?
Roles are used to providing permissions to entities which you can trust within your AWS account. Roles are very similar to users. However, with roles, you do not require to create any username and password to work with the resources.
22) What are the edge locations?
Edge location is the area where the contents will be cached. So, when a user is trying to accessing any content, the content will automatically be searched in the edge location
23) What is VPC?
VPC stands for Virtual Private Cloud. It allows you to customize your networking configuration. It is a network which is logically isolated from another network in the cloud. It allows you to have your IP address range, internet gateways, subnet and security groups.
24) Explain snowball
Snowball is a data transport option. It used source appliances to a large amount of data into and out of AWS. With the help of snowball, you can transfer a massive amount of data from one place to another. It helps you to reduce networking costs.
25) What is a redshift?
Redshift is a big data warehouse product. It is fast and powerful, fully managed data warehouse service in the cloud.
26) What are the advantages of auto-scaling?
Following are the advantages of autoscaling
- Offers fault tolerance
- Better availability
- Better cost management
27) What is meant by subnet?
A large section of IP Address divided into chunks is known as subnets.
28) Can you establish a Peering connection to a VPC in a different region?
No, It’s only possible between VPCs in the same region.
29) What is SQL?
Simple Queues Services also known as SQL. It is distributed queuing service which acts as a mediator for two controllers.
30) How many subnets can you have per VPC?
You can have 200 subnets per VPC.
31) DNS and Load Balancer service comes under which type of cloud service?
DNS and Load Balancer and DNS services come under IAAS-storage cloud service.
32) What is the role of AWS CloudTrail?
CloudTrail is a specially designed tool for logging and tracking API calls. It helps to audit all S3 bucket accesses.
33) When EC2 officially launched?
EC2 officially launched in the year 2006.
34) What is SimpleDB?
SimpleDB is a data repository of structure record which encourages data doubts and indexing both S3 and EC2are called SimpleDB.
35) Explain Amazon ElasticCache
Amazon Elasticcache is a web service which makes it easy to deploy, scale and store data in the cloud.
36) What is AWS Lambda?
Lambda is an Amazon compute service which allows you to run code in the AWS Cloud without managing servers.
37) Name the types of AMI provided by AWS
The types of AMI provided by AWS are:
- Instance store backed
- EBS backed
38) Name the AWS service exists only to redundantly cache data and images?
AWS Edge locations are service which redundantly cache data and images.
39) Explain Geo Restriction in CloudFront
A Geo-restriction feature helps you to prevent users of specific geographic locations from accessing content which you’re distributing through a CloudFront web distribution.
40) What is Amazon EMR?
EMR is a survived cluster stage which helps you to interpret the working of data structures before the intimation. Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark on the Amazon Web Services helps you to investigate a large amount of data. You can prepare data for the analytics goals and marketing intellect workloads using Apache Hive and using other relevant open source designs.
41) What is boot time taken for the instance stored backed AMI?
The boot time for an Amazon instance store-backend AMI is less than 5 minutes.
42) Do you need an internet gateway to use peering connections?
Yes, the Internet gateway is needed to use VPC (virtual private cloud peering) connections.
43) How to connect EBS volume to multiple instances?
We can’t be able to connect EBS volume to multiple instances. Although, you can connect various EBS Volumes to a single instance.
44) List different types of cloud services
Various types of cloud services are:
- Software as a Service (SaaS),
- Data as a Service (DaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
45) State the difference between An Instance and AMI
AMI is a template consisting software configuration part. For example Operating systems, applications, application server if you start an instance, a duplicate of the AMI in a row as an attendant in the cloud.
46) What are the different types of Load Balancer in AWS services?
Two types of Load balancer are:
- Application Load Balancer
- Classic Load Balancer
47) In which situation you will select provisioned IOPS over standard RDS storage?
You should select provisioned IOPS storage over standard RDS storage if you want to perform batch-related workloads.
48) What are the important features of Amazon cloud search?
Important features of the Amazon cloud are:
- Boolean searches
- Prefix Searches
- Range searches
- Entire text search
- AutoComplete advice
49) Can vertically scaling is allows in Amazon Instance?
Yes, you can vertically estimate one Amazon instance.
50) What is the use of lifecycle hooks in Autoscaling?
Lifecycle hooks are used for autoscaling to put an additional wait time to a scale in or scale out event.
51) What are various layers of Cloud Architecture explained in AWS training?
Different layers of cloud architecture are:
- Cloud controller
- Cluster controller
- Storage Controller
- Node Controller
53) Name some of the DB engines which can be used in AWS RDS
- MS-SQL DB
- MariaDB
- MYSQL DB
- OracleDB
- PostgreDB
3. What is the importance of buffer in Amazon Web Services?
An Elastic Load Balancer ensures that the incoming traffic is distributed optimally across various AWS instances. A buffer will synchronize different components and makes the arrangement additionally elastic to a burst of load or traffic. The components are prone to work in an unstable way of receiving and processing requests. The buffer creates an equilibrium linking various apparatus and crafts them work at an identical rate to supply more rapid services.
7. Which one of the storage solutions offered by AWS would you use if you need extremely low pricing and data archiving?
Amazon Glacier. AWS Glacier is an extremely low-cost storage service offered by Amazon that is used for data archiving and backup purposes. The longer you store data in Glacier, the lesser it will cost you.
11. Can you launch Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances with predetermined private IP addresses? If yes, then with which Amazon service it is possible?
Yes. It is possible by using VPC (Virtual Private Cloud).
12. Why do we make subnets?
Creating subnets means dividing a large network into smaller ones. These subnets can be created for several reasons. For example, creating and using subnets can help reduce congestion by making sure that the traffic destined for a subnet stays in that subnet. This helps in efficiently routing the traffic coming to the network that reduces the network’s load.
21. I created a web application with autoscaling. I observed that the traffic on my application is the highest on Wednesdays and Fridays between 9 AM and 7 PM. What would be the best solution for me to handle the scaling?
Configure a policy in autoscaling to scale as per the predictable traffic patterns.
23. Is there a way to upload a file that is greater than 100 megabytes in Amazon S3?
Yes, it is possible by using multipart upload utility from AWS. With multipart upload utility, larger files can be uploaded in multiple parts that are uploaded independently. You can also decrease upload time by uploading these parts in parallel. After the upload is done, the parts will be merged into a single object or file to create the original file from which the parts were created.
27. I created a key in North Virginia region to encrypt my data in Oregon region. I also added three users to the key and an external AWS account. Then, to encrypt an object in S3, when I tried to use the same key, it was not listed. Where did I go wrong?
The data and the key should be in the same region. That is, the data that has to be encrypted should be in the same region as the one in which the key was created. In this case, the data is in Oregon region, whereas the key is created in North Virginia region.
31. Your organization wants to monitor the read and write IOPS for its AWS MySQL RDS instance and then send real-time alerts to its internal operations team. Which service offered by Amazon can help your organization achieve this scenario?
Amazon CloudWatch would help us achieve this. Since Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring tool offered by Amazon, it’s the right service to use in the above-mentioned scenario.
33. You have created a VPC with private and public subnets. In what kind of subnet would you launch the database servers?
Database servers should be ideally launched in private subnets. Private subnets are ideal for the backend services and databases of all applications since they are not meant to be accessed by the users of the applications, and private subnets are not routable from the Internet.
40. Which service provided by AWS can you use to transfer objects from your data center, when you are using Amazon CloudFront?
Amazon Direct Connect. It is a network service that acts as an alternative to using the Internet to connect customers in on-premise sites with AWS.
42. Your company wants you to propose a solution so that the company’s data center can be connected to Amazon cloud network. What would be your proposal?
The data center can be connected to Amazon cloud network by establishing a virtual private network (VPN) between the VPC and the data center. Virtual private network lets you establish a secure pathway or tunnel from your premise or device to AWS global network.
26) What are key-pairs in AWS?
Ans: Amazon EC2 uses both public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt the login information. The sender uses a public key to encrypt the data and the receiver uses a private key to decrypt the data. Private and public keys are known as key pairs. The public key enables you to access the instance securely and a private key is used instead of a password.
12) What are NAT gateways?
Ans: Network Address Translation (NAT) allows instances to connect in a private subnet with the internet and other AWS services. NAT prevents the internet to have an initial connection with the instances.
13) What is SNS?
Ans: Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS )is a web service provided by the AWS. It manages and delivers the messages or notifications to the users and clients from any cloud platform. In SNS, there are two types of clients: subscribers and publishers. Publishers produce and send a message to the subscriber instance through the communication channels. Subscribers receive the notification from the publisher over one of the supported protocols such as Amazon SQS, HTTP, and Lambda, etc. Amazon SNS automatically triggers the service and sends an email with a message that “ your EC2 instance is growing” when you are using Auto Scaling.
21) What is an ELB?
Ans: Elastic Load Balancer is a load balancing service offered by AWS. It distributes incoming resources and controls the application traffic to meet traffic demands.
2) What are the types of load balancers in EC2?
Ans: There are three types of load balancers in EC2. They are as follows:
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Application Load Balancer: Application load balancer designed to make routing decisions at the application layer. ALC supports dynamic host port mapping and path-based routings.
Network Load Balancer: Network load balancer is designed to make routing decisions at the transport layer. It handles millions of requests per second. Using the flow hash routing algorithm, NCL selects the target from the target groups after receiving a connection from the load balancer.
Classic Load Balancer: Classic load balancer is designed to make routing decisions either at the application layer or transport layer. It requires a fixed relationship between container instance port and load balancer port.
26) What are key-pairs in AWS?
Ans: Amazon EC2 uses both public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt the login information. The sender uses a public key to encrypt the data and the receiver uses a private key to decrypt the data. Private and public keys are known as key pairs. The public key enables you to access the instance securely and a private key is used instead of a password.
32) What is Server Load Balancing?
Ans: A Server load balancer (SLB) provides content delivery and networking services using load balancing algorithms. SLB distributes the network traffic equally across a group of servers to ensure high-performance application delivery.
55) Explain about AWS Lambda.
Ans: AWS Lambda is a computational service that enables you to run code without maintaining any servers. It automatically executes the code whenever needed. You are required to pay for the time that you have used it for. Lambda enables you to run the code virtually for any kind of application without managing any servers.
Q3) What are key-pairs?
Answer:Key-pairs are secure login information for your instances/virtual machines. To connect to the instances we use key-pairs that contain a public-key and private-key.
Q31) What is VPC peering connection?
Answer: VPC peering connection allows you to connect 1 VPC with another VPC. Instances in these VPC behave as if they are in the same network.
Q32) What are NAT gateways?
Answer: NAT stands for Network Address Translation. NAT gateways enables instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet but prevent the internet from initiating a connection with those instances.
Q114) Explain Cloud Service Models?
Answer: SAAS (Software as a Service): It is software distribution model in which application are hosted by a vendor over the internet for the end user freeing from complex software and hardware management. (Ex: Google drive, drop box)
PAAS (Platform as a Service): It provides platform and environment to allow developers to build applications. It frees developers without going into the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure. (Ex: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure)
IAAS (Infrastructure as a Service): It provides virtualized computing resources over the internet like cpu, memory, switches, routers, firewall, Dns, Load balancer (Ex: Azure, AWS)
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